Warehouse Management Essay Sample free essay sample

a ) The Warehouse Functions The distribution center are a basic part of modern or concern. open and private task. and so forth and it must be intended to oblige the curious requests of the organisation concern. There is consequently no measure framework. which can be all around suggested or applied. be that as it may, of class of clasp. certain standard and examples of pretty much broad applications have been developed. The distribution centers in most association is a nation wherein all kind of stuffs required for creation. dispersion. care. bundling and so forth are warehoused. gotten and given. The distribution centers and stockroom maps are subsequently on a very basic level worried about maintenance of stocks. Anyway as will be obvious along these lines. stockrooms and distribution center bearing spreads extraordinary exchange more than simply these aspects incorporate the undermentioned exercises. †¢ Holding. control and issue of stocks†¢ Control of all stockroom or distribution centers. stockyard and outside stockpiling units†¢ Material taking care of maps†¢ Quality control activity†¢ Training of distribution center and stockroom staff†¢ Clerical removal of stockroom and distribution centers operations†¢ Security of distribution center and stockrooms B ) Basic Functions of Warehouse Present day distribution centers or stockroom has a wide variety of maps to execute speedily. We will compose a custom article test on Distribution center Management Essay Sample or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The mode where the shop and stockroom bearing does these endeavors will be reflected in the general effectiveness of the association. The essential point might be viewed as on of providing administration to the working maps †every other distribution center and stockroom maps are low-level to this main obligation in spite of the fact that they have they own similar significance. The maps incorporates: †¢ To give all stuffs and related administrations to ensure continuation of the tasks. The stream must be adjusted. †¢ To distribution center. control and distribute all work in headway and segment finished focuses or stocks. †¢ To stockroom. control and distribute all instruments. gear and extra parts required by the tasks of the association. †¢ To have. distribution center. control and utilize all piece and additional stuffs delivered or produced by the association. †¢ To ensure equivalent wellbeing and security shields are taken corresponding to the entire distribution centers and stockroom maps. †¢ To order all readiness and staff advancement inside distribution centers and stockroom nation. degree Celsius ) Type of Materials Held The devotees is summed up rundown of run of the mill focuses or stocks that are regularly found in a medium to large estimate distribution centers or stockroom beneficial framework: †¢ Raw stuffs†¢ Component parts†¢ Packaging stuffs†¢ Spare parts†¢ Tools. gage 7 gigues†¢ Work in advancement†¢ Finished goods†¢ Maintenance stuffs Be that as it may. the extension. esteem and the multifaceted nature of the focuses held by any curious stockrooms or distribution center will rely on the size and the intricacy of the tasks in question. Distinctive sort of associations have diverse kind of focuses or stocks in stocks e. g. : A PRODUCTION OPERATION will hold normal stuffs. constituent parts. work in progression. what's more, bundling and related stuffs. A DISTRIBUTION OPERATION will hold completed merchandise. constituent parts. divide contended work and gross incomes and showcasing bolster stuffs. AN ENGINEERING OPERATION will hold trim parts. instruments. hardware and purging and serving stuffs or care stuffs. In view of this wide change in the kind of focuses or stocks found in distribution centers or stockroom. retailer or stockroom manager request to hold an expansive working cognizance or experience of an incredible figure of stuffs types and tasks. nutrient D ) Duties and Responsibilities of distribution center and stockrooms Management. There is a wide degree and obligations that stockroom and distribution centers course needs to execute at grouped periods of the distribution center and distribution centers activities. All are extremely of import to the general proficiency of the associations include its points: †¢ ECONOMY: One of the fundamental obligations of stockrooms and distribution center is to ensure that all tasks inside the distribution centers and distribution center framework are proceed as proficiency and is financially as could reasonably be expected. The develop of monetary level of stock is bit of this obligation. This duty is to ensure negligible expenses ought to be obvious to each individual from the stockroom and distribution centers crew. †¢ STOCK CONTROL: It is the obligation of stockrooms A ; distribution center bearing to ensure that the technique of stock control is performed inside the distribution centers and distribution center development. The stockrooms and distribution center heading must ensure that the essential motivations behind stock control are accomplished. Distribution centers must investigate the data refering creation. net incomes and circulation expected to keep the stock control framework. †¢ Banal Record: It is the obligation of dist ribution centers and stockroom bearing to ensure that satisfactory and up to day of the month stock records are kept up for each point held in stock. regardless of whether on location or some other areas inside the stock control framework. These records must flexibly the kind of data required to order and keep the degrees of stock set up. I. e. level of stock. request degrees. codification figure. supplier’ s notice. and so on †¢ STOCK TAKING AND CHECKING: The distribution centers or stockroom chief will be answerable for framing. oversing and ordering all stocks looks at conveyed by the association. The person in question ought to be required to elucidate numbering sheets. distribute staffs. check outcomes. explore contradictions and produce finishing up figures for the use in the closing narratives. †¢ Storage OF STOCKS: It is one of the fundamental obligations of distribution center and stockrooms to drop and stockroom all products conveyed to the distribution center. Capacity of stuffs involves the correct area of merchandise in association of with suppliers’ guidelines. also, requires achievements and cognizance on the part of distribution centers and stockroom staff. denudation in head tha t a few stuffs required impossible to miss states of capacity. e. g. must be kept dry. and so on it is the obligation of stockrooms to ensure that products do non suffer mischief or hindrance due to wastefulness stockpiling. †¢ IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION OF STOCKS: It is the obligation of stockrooms and distribution center bearing to elucidate and refresh an arrangement of distribution center cryptography. in order to let effective assignment area everything being equal or stocks and administrations held inside the distribution center activities. It is other than the duty of distribution centers and stockroom to ensure that. on the off chance that the point required is non accessible. so a fit alternative is lauded ( where one exists ) †¢ ISSUES AND DESPATCH: It is the duty of distribution centers and stockroom to ensure that products and enterprises required from the activities are given as and when required. bearing in head the interest for order and thorough administrative control of all issues of stocks. The issue processs ought to be smooth and proficient. It is oftentimes the issue of stock processs that decides the position that decides the situation of stockrooms thought the entire ass ociation. †¢ Inspection: It is the duty of the distribution centers and stockroom to investigate and investigate all the bringings made to the distribution center or stockrooms. these checks to incorporate such factors as measure. type. quality. mischief and shortage. In numerous occurrences provider will non acknowledge obligation for mischief of merchandise except if they are accounted for inside a predefined figure of yearss of bringing. Data beginning from such audit must be passed to purchasing area. †¢ SECURITY OF WAREHOUSE AND WAREHOUSES: It is the duty of the stockroom and distribution centers chief to ensure that security is keep up at all clasp inside the stockroom structure and stockyard. The security components of the distribution center manager’s occupation screen non only robbery. be that as it may, other than hurt. fire and spillage. It is other than included guaranting that entryways. Windowss. furthermore, stockyards fencing are unafraid. †¢ MATERIAL Handling: One of the fundamental occupations of any distribution centers crew is the treatment all things considered. quickly and securely. Voyaging merchandise from the distribution centers to the factory or stockroom is extremely of import duty of distribution center and stockrooms executive and his auxiliaries. †¢ RECEIPT OF STOCK: It is the obligation of the retailer or distribution center director to have and deal with all focuses conveyed to stockrooms or stockroom to investigate the confirmation ( bringing notes. pressing notes. and so on ) and to educate purchasing and distribution centers and stockroom bearing of all products got. nutrient E ) Forming the Warehouse FunctionIn any undertaking it is alluring that fitting approval. ought to distribute a composed coordinating covering stockroom strategy and association. plainly determining the limits inside which the guide works and passing on approval to move inside these limits. A coordinating is regularly enhanced by departmental directions sing inside informations of frameworks and activities and these may in twist be guidelines along with example signifier and rundown of duties of powers concerned. In little association. the distribution centers maps might be worked from an individual office run by one retailer yet in a major association it is important to allot the various obligations to separate regions e. g. †¢ Identification or jargon subdivision†¢ Standardization subdivision†¢ Warehouse subdivision†¢ Stockyard subdivision†¢ Stock control subdivision†¢ Record subdivision†¢ Histories development The significance of the distribution centers maps is in effect continuously perceived and in huge concern abroad. the

Copper Essay -- essays research papers

Copper  â â â â â â â â â Copper is a mineral. it's anything but a plant or a creature. Copper is a metallic metal. It can never be separated into differnet substances by ordinary substance implies. Copper was one of the principal metals known to people. Individuals loved it on the grounds that in it’s local condition, it could without much of a stretch be beaten into weapons or apparatuses. Copper has been one of the most helpful metals for over 5000 years. Copper was most likely utilized around 8000 B.C by individuals living along the Tigris and Euphrates waterways. In 6000 B.C, Egyptians figured out how to pound copper into things they needed. Around 3500 B.C, People previously figured out how to dissolve copper with tin to make bronze. So the period between 3000 B.C and 1100 B.C got known as the bronze age.                Today, a portion of the main conditions of the copper business are Arizona with 747,000 short tons, Utah with 187,000 short tons, New Mexico with 161,000 short tons. Some other driving nations are Chile with 1,422,000 short tons, United States with 1,203,000 short tons, Soviet Union with 650,000 short tons, and Zambia with 596,000 short tons.           When copper is being mined, both Native copper and copper metal are typically found. The most noteworthy evaluation of copper mineral is pale shiny dim. Diggers used to be consistently in peril in copper mines. Today, we have redu...

Essay Topics For An ESL Placement Test

Essay Topics For An ESL Placement TestEssay topics for an ESL placement test are generally based on the material covered in the tests themselves. The students need to learn about the tests and how they are supposed to be scored, as well as about the subjects that are covered in the tests. It is imperative that the students learn about these points of concern before they write their essays for the exam.There are some essay topics for an English placement test that have a less academic tone than other topics. In order to be successful, the students will need to include all of the different options for essay topics for the test. They will need to not only use essay topics for an ESL placement test that is commonly used in an English class but also include essays about subjects that they have not studied much about or not thoroughly comprehended in the context of their English course. In addition, the essay topics for the test must be able to cover the entire range of skills needed for s uccess in an ESL environment.The essay topics for an ESL placement test must be able to cover topics that the students do not have their own particular skills in. This is especially true if the students are writing the essay about topics that are covered in a topic area. This is because the students must be able to show the reader that they can solve or apply knowledge in the context of the topic area. The students must demonstrate that they have enough knowledge about the topic area to comprehend and apply it.Some of the most common topics that are used in an English classroom include the literature of the place. The students should choose topics for essay topics for an ESL placement test that is related to literature. Topics like history, literature, and art can be used. Any topics that address the place in a modern society are going to be useful as essay topics for an ESL placement test.Subjects like biology, physics, and chemistry can also be used in an essay as essay topics for an ESL placement test. These topics provide the students with subjects that they will use in both writing the essays themselves and applying the knowledge they learn in the classroom to the real world. The essay topics for an ESL placement test should address not only the subjects but the experiences that a student has in the learning environment. In other words, the students should consider the lessons learned from the classes they take in both the writing and application of their knowledge in the real world.The topics that the students choose to cover in the subjects areas of their essays should be based on an understanding of how to handle and apply their knowledge in the right way. The more the students know about the subject or subjects that they write about, the better their essays will be. The students can find essays to help them with this by using search engines to look for topics related to the subject areas they are writing about.In addition to knowing the different subj ect areas and their use in essays, the students must also be well-versed in their own native language. The students should be able to understand and write in the native language. Although they do not have to be able to write their native language fluently, the ability to read and understand the written English language fluently is essential to understanding written English. English is an academic language and the students must be able to read and understand what they read.The students need to be well-versed in both the written and spoken English languages when they are choosing essay topics for an ESL placement test. The students should be able to talk about topics that they study in their course work without breaking their concentration on that material. The students should be able to understand that the problems with English and the challenges faced when learning English may relate to the English language and the concepts that they study in their courses. These types of topics are ideal for essay topics for an ESL placement test.

Essay on Environmental Laws

Air pollution is becoming a major environmental disaster in the state of Virginia. Air pollution problem has been compounded by the fact that west Virginia is the largest producer of natural gas east of the Mississippi river, as well as a major storage and transfer are of the interstate natural gas transmission systems. West Virginia is also a major producer of coalbed methane. There are also many industries in Virginia such as aluminum, steel, glass which in one way or another depends on coal as the main source of energy. These plants release gases like carbon dioxide, methane sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide. The effects of these gases include global warming, greenhouse effects and acid rain. Several agencies and conferences are working hard to come up with measures that would not only aim at reduction of environmental pollution, but also ensure that the economy is not compromised. Cost-effective technologies to minimize emission of green house gases, nitrogen dioxide, particulates and other pollutants associated with the use of fossil fuel is now being applied as one of the crucial measure to reduce air pollution. These technologies basically entail capturing, utilizing and sequestering carbon dioxide so as to reduce its emission to the air. Industrial energy efficiency especially from aluminum, steel, glass, chemical and wood products industries is also another important measure of combating environmental pollution. To achieve this, projects that would increase the productivity and reduce costs through improved energy efficiency, reduce waste, use of new technologies and better inventory and management systems are being laid down. These projects involve laying down the strategies like better energy demand systems, new system for improved on-line process monitoring and improved sensors and controls. It also entails development of better waste minimization and recycle strategies e.g. industrial waste water treatment technologies; product designs for recycling materials and wastes; better strategies for cross industry use of waste and by products.   It also streamlines environmental permitting processes and evaluation of proposed mining sites in terms of potential acid rain. At least 25% of the West Virginias’ fleet and commuter vehicles is now being powered by alternate fuel such as natural gas. Natural gas refueling stations and recharging facilities is now almost conveniently located across the state. High speed transportation system is in process. Alongside these industrial measures, afforestation and reafforestation programmes are underway. References: Lawrence, M, (2005). Encyclopedia of white-collar corporate crime. Virginia: Sage publishers. 1, 21-32 United state of America, (1998). Congressional record, proceedings and debates of the 105th   congress second session United States government printing office. Washington 144, 376-378 Otis K. Rice Stephen W. Brown (1993). West Virginia; a History. Kentucky: University press of Kentucky pp. pp. 200-206

The European Colonization Of Americas 1620- - 900 Words

Final Essay- Prompt Three INTRODUCTION America would not be the same it is today without the numerous times of territorial expansion from the 17th to 19th century. America started with European Colonization in the 17th century, its borders were defined in the 18th century, and America extended from a coast to coast nation in the 19th century. There is not just expansion of land on a physical map, but also increased political tension and economic growth as America grows as a nation. PARAGRAPH 1(European Colonization of Americas 1620- ) The European colonies were founded in the name of Religious freedom with the desire to create a better version of British society on new soil. Due to the deep religious nature of the original colonists, colonial laws were based on the Christian value system. The stringent and sometime antiquated religious values of the pilgrims and puritans permeated America for years to come. English migrants settle in colonies along the Atlantic of North America in the 17th century. The migrants occupy territory that belonged to the Native Americans. The first territorial gain for America was in 1620, when the Pilgrims came over of the Mayflower and established Plymouth. A large group of Puritans were sent over to the Americas ten years later, around 1630, to establish another settlement. This important territorial gain, was the establishment of Massachusetts’s Bay Colony. The natives were able to help these Puritans get settled in the new colony. TheyShow MoreRelatedCause Of The Pequot Wa r830 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pequot War The Pequot War was a very bloody war during the early colonial period of the Americas and had a great effect on the Americas. However, it is what happened before the Pequot War that truly gives light to why it happened. Before the war, the New England colonies were expanding greatly, and this thusly caused the colonists to come into conflict with the indigenous people of the Americas (Meuwese, 2011). Preparing for a battle with the indigenous peoples, John Winthrop had prepared theRead MoreDiscovery and Settlement of the New World, Establishment of Colonies and the American Revolution594 Words   |  2 Pagesof political history of the America from Pre-European contact to the American Revolution that I find more interesting are Discovery and Settlement of the New World, Establishment of Colonies and the American Revolution, because these events changed the course of History of America since its discovery and colonization until independence. 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It wasn’t until 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived to the Americas that European colonization began in the Western Hemisphere. By the mid 1500’s, the Spaniards had settled down into what is now known as Florida. By 1598 the Spaniards had then settled down into what is currently known as Texas and New Mexico. The European invasion had begun. There wasRead MoreNative Americans And The United States1443 Words   |  6 Pagesin this country. The cause was because of colonization. The Europeans colonization of what is now America led the Natives to despair and destruction. Before Christopher Columbus came to the Americas unintentionally and started to colonize, there was a â€Å"belief that the Americas in 1491 were an almost untouched, even Edenic land† (Mann 5). The Native Americans were just living their lives, until the Europeans started to arrive. The arrival of the Europeans put pressure on the Natives. 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Tobacco and Social Structure in Early Virginia during the Colonial Time Crop penetrated into the economic, political, and social life of the colony. The owners of the large tobacco plantation could make up the social ladder; men who were in charge of the interests of the colony were the planters and everyone considered tobacco as a remedy. During 1620, young women, who were sent to become colonists’ wives, paid their servantsRead MoreEssay on Religious Concerns during Colonial Period734 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Throughout the colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious concerns.† According to this statement, both economic and religious reasons contributed to the founding of the thirteen colonies by the British in North America. The many people who settled in New England came there in search of religious freedom. Their hope was to escape the religious persecution they were facing in England, worship freely, and have the opportunity to

Examples Of Tragedy In Antigone - 713 Words

Antigone the Tragic Hero Antigone is thought to be a tragic hero because of everything that had happened to her throughout her life. She lost her father Oedipus through a curse and her brothers through battle. The only one that was left was her sister Ismene. Her brother Polyneices died in battle being a traitor to his family. There was a rule made from the king of Thebes stated that no one can mourn for or bury him. But Antigone did not care she still loved Polyneices and thought that he deserved to have a proper burial like his brother Eteocles. Foreshadowing, mood, and situational irony are used in the drama to explain peripeteia the reversal of fortune, nemesis fate that you cant avoid, and catharsis when the audience is feeling pity†¦show more content†¦Choking, his blood bright red on her white cheek† (Sophocles 973). With the strength that he had left he held Antigone close to him because he loved her. The audience was expecting for Haimon to kill his father but instead he pulled out hi s sword and kill himself to be closer to antigone. Nemesis and peripeteia are not the only things that are being used in the story, Another one is catharsis being used with mood. Catharsis is when the audience is feeling pity for the heros downfall. The audience feels pity for the characters because of how her death caused haimon to also take his own life. Which caused more grief in the story even if it wasnt only antigones family that have people that have dead. Almost everyone in her family is gone all thats left is her sister Ismene. â€Å"Her grief is too great for public lamentation and doubtless she has gone to her chamber to weep for dead son, leading her maidens in his dirge† (Sophocles 981). The messenger thought that antigone’s greif was to great to be crying in public. All of these signs of literary devices are to help the audience give more imagery as they are watching or reading. As stated in the intro paragraph these three devices of peripeteia, catharsis, and nemesis are there to be compared to the literary devices of foreshadowing, situational irony, and with mood. Antigone had to be the most important person in this story, she w as able to make caron even rethink his thoughts onShow MoreRelatedSophocles Antigone By Sophocles967 Words   |  4 PagesTragedy in Antigone Antigone is one of the greatest Greek tragic plays by Sophocles. The play portrays two main characters, Antigone and Creon, who undergo tragedy in the play. Various arguments have been put forth regarding who amongst the two characters is the actual tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. A number of people are for the idea that Creon qualifies since he does possess the real characteristics of what tragedy is all about, while numerous others believe that Antigone is the actual heroRead MoreThe Tragedy of Sophocles Antigone956 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Antigone nbsp;In the story of Antigone, Oedipus has already died, his two sons. Polyneices and Eteocles, left to contend for the throne of Thebes. In their contention for the throne, the two brothers slay one another, leaving Creon once again to be the acting regent of Thebes. With this power, Creon declares that Polyneices must be left to rot on the battlefield, the highest disgrace to any Greek. Antigone, daughter of Oedipus, is left torn between state of family, and in theRead MoreEssay on Antigone Is a Tragedy by Aristotles Rules1215 Words   |  5 Pagesto a tragedy? The play Antigone by Sophocles is considered a tragedy. There are five rules created by Aristotle that classify a tragedy. 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In Aristotle’s Poetics, he puts his view of how a tragedy should be portrayed to make the concept of it more understandable towardsRead MoreOedipus The King And Antigone1264 Words   |  6 PagesKing and Antigone. The end of Oedipus the King was the beginning of Antigone. Oedipus the King is one of the strongest tragic Drama as it tells a serious story which evokes fear and pity through incidents that put sympathetic characters in threat and Oedipus the tragic protagonist (t he king) who suffer more than he deserved. Although, Antigone resemble Oedipus the King in many faces such as it is a tragic Drama, also it has two tragic protagonists, Antigone and Creon. 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Antigone might be the name of the tragedy, but I believe that Creon is the winning candidate. His role in the plot of this tragedy, his sensible tragic fault, and his dynamic character are the obvious reasons why I chose him as the tragic heroRead MoreContrast Between Oedipus the King and Antigone by Sophocles744 Words   |  3 PagesContrast between Oedipus the King and Antigone Sophocles, a famous and renowned Greek dramatist, is the playwright to both the play Oedipus the King and Antigone. Along with Antigone and Oedipus Sophocles had also wrote Electra and Fete. Sophocles wrote many Greek tragedies which are plays in which the main character in the play suffers a tragedy due to some flaw of theirs. An example would be how Oedipus (thinking he is defying a prophecy) murders his father and weds his mother. His flaw was himRead MoreTragic Characters of Sophocles Antigone: Examining Creons Hubris 998 Words   |  4 Pagesread. The groups of literary works are known as genres. 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Because of her attempt to rectify

Measuring Firm Performance Using Financial -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measuring Firm Performance Using Financial? Answer: Introduction Common size analysis or the vertical and horizontal analysis of the company is used to analyse each item of income statement and balance sheet to assess the trend of the company. Looking into the horizontal analysis of the company it is identified that the revenue of the company has been increased by 43% in 2017 as compared to 2016. However, the expenses of the company have been increased by 39% as compared to previous year. Further, as the increase of revenue is more than the increase of expenses, the net income of the company is increased by 56%. Moreover the assets of the company have been merely reduced by 0.42% over the years from 2016 to 2017. The total liabilities have been reduce by 4.11% and total shareholders equity of the company is increased by 4.97% On the other hand, looking into the vertical analysis of the company it is identified that the operating income of the company for the year 2017 is 18% of the revenue whereas for 2016 the same was 16% of the revenue. Further, the net income for 2017 is 13% as against 12% for 2016. Out of the total assets of the company 8.7% is current assets and 91.3% is non-current assets. Further, among the total liabilities and equity, 57% is debt component and 43% is equity component. Ratio analysis Profitability ratio looking into the profitability ratio of the company it is identified that the gross profit ratio and return on equity of the company is reduced in 2017 as compared to 2016. The gross profit has been reduced from 94% to 34% over the years and the return on equity has been reduced from 8% to 4%. However, the operating margin has been increased from 165 to 18%. Therefore, it can be stated that the profit earning efficiency of the company has been reduced over the years (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). Efficiency ratio it measures the operational efficiency of the company. These ratios are also known as turnover ratio. Looking into the receivable turnover ratios of the company it is recognized that all the three ratios that is the debt to equity ratio, long-term debt to equity and debt to total assets ratio of the company over the last 2 years has not been changed significantly. Therefore, the efficiency of the company has not been improved or deteriorated. Solvency ratio the main objective of these ratios are assessing the companys ability to pay off their long term obligations. Further these ratios reveal the long term operating and financial structure of the company. Looking into the solvency ratios of the company it is found that debt to equity ratio of the company has been increased which states that the debt portion is increased. However, the other ratios are depicting that the company has a balanced capital structure and moderately leveraged. Liquidity ratio these ratios states the ability of the company to pay off their obligations when they are due. Looking into the current ratio of the company it is identified that the companys efficiency to meet the obligations over the past 2 years has not been changed. However, the defensive interval has been reduced from 173.98 to 139.73. Therefore, the ability of the company to operate under the situation where cash inflow are cut off is reduced (Lundholm Sloan, 2013). Recommendation From the aspect of potential creditor the creditor will be mainly concerned about the liquidity position and solvency position of the company to assess the companys ability to meet its financial obligation. It can be identified from the above that the company has maintained the balance among its debt and equity component under the capital structure. Further, over the last 2 years the company has maintained the moderate liquidity position. Therefore, based on the analysis it will be safe for a creditor to lend money to Corus Entertainment Limited. From the aspect of potential share investor the shareholders before investing in any company mainly analyse the efficiency status and profitability position of the company. It is recognized that though the profitability position of the company has been deteriorated over the years from 2017 to 2016, the company was able to maintain its efficiency over the last 2 years. Further, the company was able to earn profit over the last 2 years. Further, it was able to reduce the liability by 2% as compared to the previous year. Therefore, the shareholder can invest their money into the company. Reference Delen, D., Kuzey, C. Uyar, A, (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. Lundholm, R.J. Sloan, R.G, (2013).Equity valuation and analysis with eVal. McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Comparison and Contrast of Winter and Summer an Example by

Comparison and Contrast of Winter and Summer A year is divided into four seasons namely, winter, summer, spring and autumn. These seasons are defined according to the two definitions of season that are anchored to: (1) the astronomical definition and (2) the meteorological breakdown into four three-month periods (Trenberth). Need essay sample on "Comparison and Contrast of Winter and Summer" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Winter is the coldest season and occurs between autumn and spring (Winter). It happens and extends in the northern hemisphere from the winter solsticean occurrence when the northern hemisphere is getting less direct sunlight compared to the southern hemisphereto the vernal equinoxthe time that marks the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. Winter occurs during the months of December, January and February (Winter). Students Often Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to help me write my essay? Specialists propose: Click on Place your order button Winter is the season when days are dull and gloomy. The mood is morose and dark; the family is bored. The cold reaches to the bones and freezes and chills throughout the body. The tree branches are bare and their leaves fall in autumn. The beauty of the trees is gone. Snows, which pile on the side of the driveway or of the yard, are covered with dirt. On the other hand, summer is the warmest season. It happens between spring and autumn during the months of June, July and August in the northern hemisphere. It is the period and epoch of fulfillment, bliss and beauty (Summer). Summer is the era of outdoor activities like going to beaches to sunbath and surf. It is the time when flowers bloom and the trees look greener than before. It is the epoch of the abundant production of food, especially agricultural food. The aforementioned seasons are both on extremes. Winter is the coldest; in contrast, summer is the warmest or hottest. Both seasons have an effect of laziness to people because of its extreme cold and heat, respectively. Winter possesses bad effects on plants and trees, making them stiff and bleak; while summer bestows good effects on trees and plants, allowing them to grow more and produce more fruits. Winter requires more indoor activities; on the other hand, summer requires more outside activities. These two extreme seasons have different effects on the environment and on the people. However, due to the concept of survival of the fittest, living things have learned to adapt every time seasons change. Works Cited Trenberth, Kevin. What are the Seasons? 1983. NASA ADS. 18 February 2009 Winter. 2008. Microsoft Encarta: Online Encyclopedia. 18 February 2009 Winter. 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company. 18 February 2009 Summer. 2003. The Free Dictionary: Houghton Mifflin Company. 18 February 2009

Great Study Tips for the GRE Vocabulary Section

Great Study Tips for the GRE Vocabulary Section If youre planning to apply to graduate school, youll need to pass the GRE General Test, which includes an extensive vocabulary section. Not only do you need to master the reading comprehension questions, you need to knock the sentence equivalence questions and text completions out of the ballpark. Its challenging, but with adequate preparation, you can pass. Getting Ready for the GRE The key to success is to allow yourself plenty of time to study for the GRE. This isnt something you can cram for a few days out. Experts say you should begin studying 60 to 90 days before the exam is scheduled. Start by taking a diagnostic test. These exams, which are very similar to the actual GRE, will allow you to measure your verbal and quantitative skills and give you a good idea of what your strengths and weaknesses are. ETS, the company that created the GRE, offers ​free review tests on its website.   Create a Study Plan Use your diagnostic test results to craft a study plan that focuses on the areas where you need the most improvement. Create a weekly schedule for review. A good baseline is to study four days a week, 90 minutes a day. Divide your study time into three 30-minute chunks, each that addresses a different topic, and be sure to take breaks in between each session. Kaplan, a company dedicated to helping students review for tests like the GRE, offers detailed sample study schedules on its website. Retake the diagnostic test after four, six, and eight weeks of review to measure your progress. Hit the Books and Tap the Apps There is no shortage of reference books available to help you study for the GRE vocabulary test. Kaplans GRE Prep Plus and GRE Prep by Magoosh are two highly rated prep books available. Youll find sample tests, practice questions and answers, and extensive vocabulary lists. There are also a number of GRE study apps available, too. Some of the best include GRE from Arcadia and Magoosh GRE Prep. Use Vocabulary Flashcards Another reason why you want to begin studying 60 to 90 days before taking the GRE is that theres a lot of information youll need to memorize. A good place to begin is with a list of the top GRE vocabulary words that appear most often on the test. Both Grockit and Kaplanoffer free vocabulary lists. Flashcards can be another useful tool. If you find yourself struggling to memorize a long list of words,  try memorizing word groups, a small list of words (10 or so) arranged by theme into subcategories. Instead of memorizing words like  acclaim, accolade  and  venerate  in isolation, youd remember that they all fall under the theme of praise, and suddenly, theyre easier to remember.   Some people find it useful to organize vocabulary words according to their Greek or Latin roots.  Learning one root means learning 5-10 words or more in one shot. For example, if you can remember that the root ambul means to go, then you also know that words like amble, ambulatory, perambulator, and somnambulist have something to do with going somewhere. Other Study Tips Studying for the GRE vocabulary test is hard enough by yourself. Reach out to friends who are taking the GRE or have taken it in the past and ask them if theyll spend time helping you review. Start by having them give you vocabulary words to define, then change it up by having them give you definitions and responding with the correct word. Vocabulary games can also be a novel way to review. Most GRE study apps incorporate games into their study plans, and you can find them online at sites such as Quizlet, FreeRice,  and  Cram. Are you still finding yourself getting stuck on certain vocabulary words? Try creating  picture pages  for the words that keep eluding you. Remember, studying for the GRE vocabulary test takes time. Be patient with yourself, take frequent study breaks, and reach out to friends for help if and when you need it.

Development of career management for individuals and organisations in Essay

Development of career management for individuals and organisations in recent years - Essay Example They have long believed that if personalities turn into real professionals, there would be a great amount of work effectiveness and efficiency within the related ranks, and thus the symbiotic effect would be in the form of bringing about wellness amongst the employee’s own domains as well as within the organizational realms (Jay 2005). Since organizations require that their employees remain on the quest to achieve more and more within their professional undertakings, the need is sought to find a way or two which shall inculcate values of trust and empathy for the employees to move ahead with the times yet keep the organization that they are working for abreast of the changes happening on the global front. In essence, career management for individuals and organizations in recent years has only become better as times have changed (Maddock 1999). The organizations have long understood that they need to hire those individuals who are well-equipped from all sides and who take care of the issues which engulf the organizations from a number of angles and perspectives. The case of the employees (individuals) is no different. The individuals have understood that they would have to spend around 2-3 years within an organization before they can think of moving ahead and finding new opportunities for their own selves to grow. This was not the case in the past as much emphasis was laid on the fact that employees would at least have to spend 5 years in an organization before they would mature and move on to find greener pastures. The trend has changed and now the organizations look at individuals who have more experience in terms of doing different jobs while managing their work routines effectively and more productively. This trend has changed because organizations have taken on a very practical understanding within their folds. The 21st century has seen new changes and innovations within the thinking patterns of the people who matter the most within these organizatio nal domains – the top management, which has a clear cut task of deciding how things get done and how new processes would be shaped up in the coming times. What is most important is a rational related with the opportunity to understand how one must manage a career and what an individual must do to make sure that he meets the criteria of selecting the right job for his own self, when the right time comes by (Hopson & Scally 1999). A good amount of individuals lose out on this front due to a number of reasons but it is the chosen few which tap the market and thus conduct their own selves within the best interests of their own selves as well as the organizations that they get to work for in essence. Moving further ahead, we see that career management has been given due significance by those individuals who believe in the premise of shifting careers on a regular yet maintained basis. They look forward to moving ahead with the changing times without looking back to criticize what h as happened in the past. They are always looking to make amends whilst learning from the past. These individuals are dependent on how their careers get shaped up and what they can learn from career management in essence in the long run (Marshall 1995). It goes without mentioning that career management is rightly judged as a very important element of discussion within the human resources management domains and the organizational quarters discuss such aspects before deciding whom to recruit and whom to reject. It is because of such factors that

The Present US Policy on Foreign Born Nurses Essay

The Present US Policy on Foreign Born Nurses - Essay Example As the report declares the present policy allows the foreign nurses to get a working visa in United States hospitals within an average of sixty days. The new policy will make the minimum working visa processing extended to the three years period. The new policy that will eventually affect doctors and technical workers is the result of the September 11 attack on the twin towers of New York and the White House. The longer waiting time for the foreign nurses will help the United States immigration department to scrutinize the application papers of these foreigners. This paper stresses that the advantages of the present US policy limiting the number of foreign workers has the following advantages: Only a selected few are admitted to the US workforce. Only those who pass the CGFNS and NCLEX and the Test of English as a foreign language plus they must have the necessary job experiences and educational requirements are most likely to be admitted to the United States. The job opportunities of the United States nursing workforce is not as much threatened. Only 4% of the total present nursing workforce is dominated by foreign nurses. There is a strong feeling among the a group of United States nurses that there is really no need to hire foreign nurses. Extending the time required to process a nurse working visa from six months to three years will make it similar to the time requirement of three years in other fields of study like engineers, doctors, among others.

Customer behaviour brand loyalty and retention

Customer behaviour brand loyalty and retention Introduction Usually loyalty is expressed by different tendencies towards the brand, store or service. Expressing through attitudes and behaviour generally show these tendencies. Previous work has concentrated more in the service industry, on how repeated the purchases are, i.e. retention and advocacy of the brand (Reichheld, 1996). Retention can be measured by duration of time, in numerous service and utility markets, as a customer. In terms of grocery market, where consumers use several suppliers, the share of category expenditure is one of the behavioural criterion of loyalty and is committed to a brand or store (Cunningham 1956, Dunn and Wrigley, 1984). In service market, while measuring the attitude, researchers have used psychological states such as satisfaction, commitment and trust (Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Ennew and Binks, 1996). Whereas attitude to the brand or the store has been used for the grocery markets. These are the forms of customer loyalty. This paper defines loyalty and talks about the meanings and the complications related to it. As the forms of loyalty are explained initially, further more the relationship between these forms and loyalty is presented with an in depth evidence. This paper also shows the implications of how marketers can implement the customer loyalty in the on the basis of the research carried by few practioners. Defining Loyalty: Meanings and complexities Loyalty can concentrate more on single concept, it can be either attitudinal or behavioural. Though, a great deal of debate over loyalty has focused more on convoluted definitions that may comprise both consequences and antecedents of loyalty. Jacoby and Chestnut (1978) came up with a six-component definition of loyalty that incorporated behaviour and attitude. This method of the conceptualisation of loyalty appears to be partially associated to a requirement to represent the causes of loyalty, and partially semantic, that this is what loyalty means. Semantic considerations provide an establishment in scientific definition, on the contrary the thought that attitude-behaviour congruence is necessary for loyalty looks ill founded. The definition by Oliver (1999) involves a positive relation between behaviour and attitude in loyal groups but Oliver states that this relation is typically very weak and finalises that the loyalty to a brand, which is true and which involves emotional commitment and its rare. This definition of Oliver raises problems and doubts as the casual description of loyalty without any circularity, does not makes it possible to test this causality. Even though while describing loyalty unites various meanings, its definitions must be singular and noticeably associated to measurement. East, Sinclair and Gendall (2000) argue that this is essential, as measures of the singular forms of loyalty could confirm slight correlation. The study of Dunn and Wrigley (1984) showed little correlation amongst few stores used and the share of expenditure given to the primary store. While in the case of store research, East et al. (2000) discovered merely a weak link between retention and share loyalty. This is possibly predicted. Theoretically, share of category and retention are fairly different and there is no stipulation that a customer buying a huge share of a brand must retain that brand for a long time compared to a small-share customer. Weak correlations have too been discovered between the evaluative and behavioural facets of loyalty. East and Hammond (1999) analysed the association between satisfaction and true retention. Their study st ates that most researches about customer loyalty have shown weak relations, in spite of extensive administrative postulation to the contrary. In such conditions it looks like it would be imprudent to generate permutation measures of loyalty that contain both evaluative and behavioural aspects, as the two components seem to have restricted relation. Brand and Customer Loyalty The study of Jacoby and Chestnut (1978) shows the basic difference between behavioural loyalty and cognitive loyalty; therefore clearing the concept of repurchase behaviour is not an adequate requirement of brand loyalty. The early studies of loyalty have focused on two most important phenomena. There has been research on the substantiation of loyalty behaviours for more than a brand, differentiated by changeable levels of complentarity/substitutability and hence the reasons of switching behaviour (Wind, 1977; Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978; Wernerfelt, 1991; Keaveney, 1995). As different studies on loyalty have increased knowledge of its various forms, they fail to examine the progress of loyalty over the time, without any explanation of how and why these various forms of loyalty arise. An active approach, if it is appropriately measured, can give an explanation of the various configurations of customer loyalty in the range of stages of the relationship life cycle (Costabile. M, no date) . (See figure 1. In appendix) Oliver states that this form of customer loyalty is a process of four chronological stages. After passage of time and continuous purchases in the third stage, most concentrated stage of loyalty is attained. According to Crosby and Taylor (1983) model for voter behaviour analysis, Loyalty is now cognitive by becoming a motivating force. The action control concept of Kuhl and Beckmann (1985), most concentrated stage of loyalty is recognized as action loyalty. Therefore it can be said that loyalty that is kept not only on the basis of strong motivation, but results in actions taken to get rid of every obstacle that will interfere while deciding of purchasing a brand to which a person is loyal. Customer buying behaviour and Loyalty Customer satisfaction and relationship marketing fields can be found from the involvement towards understanding customer behaviour and their purchase habits after their first preference of a supplier, brand or a store. Satisfaction and Loyalty Exploring the concept self-esteem, Hoppe (1930) and Lewin (1936) found the basics of the confirmation/disconfirmation model helpful to describe the satisfaction opinion and the association between satisfaction and trust. What is appropriate in this theory is not just about how this satisfaction model behaves, but also the confirmation of close links between satisfaction over trust and time (Bitner, 1995; Costabile 1998). There have been few developments in the study of customer satisfaction recently. This study has examined the emotional aspects of satisfaction and the dynamics of the model over time (Westbrook, 1987; Oliver, 1997; Fournier and Mick, 1999). Marketing researchers are also putting efforts to understand the variables that interfere between the opinion of satisfaction and the preference of repurchase of a brand (Oliver, 1999). Even though satisfaction-trust- loyalty association has not constantly been confirmed therefore obvious high degrees of satisfaction might not result in a behaviour, distinguished by high loyalty, and vice versa (Jacoby and Chetsnut, 1978), due to the several overruling variables during the process of exchanging over the time (Jones and Sasser Jr., 1995; Oliver, 1999). Retention and Loyalty Debates on customer loyalty use the idiom loyalty and retention synonymously. Nevertheless the literature states that there is criticism of organisations that have elected to define customer loyalty as simply customer retention, hence attaining repurchase. Stewart (1996) states that Customer loyalty and customer retention are not synonymous (Stewart, 1996 p.8). In the Relationship Marketing ladder of Customer Loyalty (See figure 2 in appendix) of Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne (1991), they state that the consumer advances up the ladder from regular purchasers (retention), to strong supporters of the firm and ultimately to being active and vocal promoters of the firm referring others to the organisation. As stated by Prus and Brandt (1995) that Loyal customers repeatedly purchase products or services. They recommend a company to others. And they stick with a business over time. Therefore customer loyalty is a more convoluted observable fact that comprises other assets rather than j ust the behavioural theory of repurchasing (Samuelson Sandvik, 1997). Recommendation and Duration of time According to East, Wright, Vanhuele (2008), consumers would value their suppliers when they possibly will find out more about the qualities of the suppliers offering over time and those who do not like their supplier change the supplier, approving consumers stay. Regardless of these effects Smith and Higgins (2000) and Fournier, Dobscha and Mick (1998) mention how a brand may be prominent once it was obtained and gradually do not talk much about it once it becomes common. This happens because the brands are recommended when there is a change, while a comparatively static product does not have an advantage of a second recommendation. In the earlier research of East et al. (2005a) they discovered either no correlation between recommendation and duration of time or a negative correlation. With the proofs from twenty-three researches they learned that the overall relation between recommendation and duration of time was neutral, whereas the individual correlations varied from considerably negative to considerably positive. According to Reichheld (1996), in few of the cases, have mentioned that customers who are with a supplier for a long duration of time, recommend more. On the other hand East et al. (2005a) do not agree with Reichheld. According to them new customers will give more recommendation compared to customers with long duration of time. Attitudinal aspects and Loyalty The evaluation of the study of repurchase and loyalty and satisfaction and loyalty has recommended that loyalty comprises attitudinal aspects. Further, a study that supports the involvement of an individuals attitudes is describing loyalty is presented. Commitment and Trust It is commitment that differentiates between repeat purchase and loyalty as per the debate of Jacoby and Kyner (1973). Hence a person loyal to a product or a service has an attitude, which is strong and full of impact. While considering commitment it would seem to be affective and calculative commitment. The definition of affective commitment is the extent to which a customer likes to maintain their relationship with the organisation (Buchanan, 1974). While the definition of calculative commitment is where the customer is loyal because they have to be rather than that they desire to be (Meyer Allen, 1984). Therefore the calculative committed consumer is not very reliable as he can get an offer that allows him to change suppliers. Samuelson and Sandvik (1997) recommend that whichever or both types of commitment possibly will be used in loyalty study and is reliant upon the reason of the study. For example, to forecast prospect loyal behaviour affective commitment will be very effecti ve. Hart and Johnson (1999) have mentioned that as loyalty is conventionally defined in as per its occurrence, that is referral intent, repurchase intent, share of purchase and actual repurchase. They recommend that for organisations to attain true loyalty then they need to go further than customer delight to total trust. Therefore it would look as if commitment and trust are important aspects when defining loyalty. Marketing implications of customer loyalty The majority of the customer loyalty programs that have presently been implemented by companies appear to be intended at encouraging repeat purchases (Hart et al. 1999). Several companies then, spend a substantial amount in lock in policies so that they could raise the costs of switching in a brand or a supplier (Shapiro and Varian, 1999). It is obvious that the customer loyalty objective must be mainly aimed at the top most and promising customer segments, and it is also evident that not all relationship has to be dealt in an evolutionary viewpoint. Potential value must not be described exclusively considering the profit or income flows to be gained, but more than all when thinking of opportunities in terms of growth that the relationship provides the company are development of business and the trust and knowledge resources (Costabile. M, no date). On the basis of the study of Dowling and Uncle (1997) the following could be the implication for company to employ customer loyalty. For a company to perform loyalty marketing still, it is first essential to identify the loyal consumers. When the customers grow, the use of market research and database marketing in the nonexistence of own knowledge is essential. Companies into direct marketing are endeavoring to come up with loyalty programs, which attach the purchasers of a broad variety of consumer goods and services to a meticulous provider or a brand. In cases of firms that have very less data regarding their customers, a supplementary advantage of customer loyalty programs is that members will repeatedly see themselves during buying or service delivery. Membership cards are a rapid and proficient means for customers to indicate that they are worthy of special attention. Many airlines, and successful companies like General Motors, American Express, Nestle, Holiday Inn, Unilever an d shell have experienced adequate advantages in customer loyalty programs to apply such schemes. For example, in the rebate scheme of General Motors (the GM card), it permits members to collect savings towards the cost of a new GM car, the car and not the collection of a discount is dominant. Another good example is of Australian Fly Buys frequent-buyer program. The members registered for the Fly Buys program can collect points for free air tickets and accommodation in hotel either by using credit card or a membership card. This membership is free of any cost. 1.7 Australians had registered themselves within just one year of the launch. The analysis of customer cost-benefit makes it easier to elucidate why the least desired loyalty program (figure 3 in appendix) fascinated so many, or is it so few members. References Bitner, M. (1995) Building Service Relationship: Its All About Promises, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Fall, 236-245. Buchanan, B. (1974) Building organizational commitment: the socialization of managers in work organization, Adm Sci Q 1974;19:533-46. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne (1991) Relationship marketing: Bringing quality, customer service, and marketing together. Oxford and Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Costabile, M. (no date), A dynamic model of customer loyalty, journal (not available), publisher (not available). Costabile, M. (1998) Customer Satisfaction and Trust into the Resource-based Perspective. Research Propositions Endorsing the Confirmation/Disconfirmation Paradigm, Market Relationships, Track 1, Proceedings of the European Marketing Academy, 76-97. Crosby, L. and Taylor, J. (1983) Psychological Commitment and Its Effects on Post-Decision Evaluation and Preference Stability Among Voters, Journal of Consumer Research, March, 413-431. Cunningham, M. (1956) Brand Loyalty What, Where, How Much?, Harvard Business Review, 34 (Jan/Feb), 116- 128. Dowling, G. and Uncles, M. (1997) Do Loyalty Programs Really Work?, Sloan Management Review 38 (4), (1997), pp 71-82. Dunn, R. and Wrigley, N. (1984) Store Loyalty for Grocery Products: An Empirical Study, Area, 16 (4), 307-314. East, R., Gendall, P., Hammond, K., and Lomax, W. (2005) Consumer loyalty: singular, additive or interactive, Australasian Marketing Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 10-26. East, R. and Hammond, K. (1999) Satisfaction and Retention, Paper presented at the ANZMAC Conference,UNSW, Sydney. East, R., Harris, P. and Lomax, W. (2000) First-Store Loyalty and Retention, Journal of MarketingManagement, 16 (4), 307-325. East, R., Julie, S. and Phil, G. (2000) Loyalty: Definition and Explanation, ANZMAC 2000 Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challenge. East, R; Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M. (2008) Consumer Behaviour: Applications in Marketing, London: Sage. Ennew, C. and Binks, M. (1996) The Impact of Service Quality and Service Characteristics on Customer Retention: Small Businesses and their Banks in the UK, British Journal of Management, 7, 219-230. Fournier, S. and Mick, D. (1999) Rediscovering Satisfaction, Journal of Marketing, October 5-23. Fournier, S., Susan, D. and David, M. (1998) Preventing the Premature Death of Relationship Marketing, Harvard Business Review, January-February, 42-51. Hoppe, E. (1930) Ergfolg und Misserfolg, Psicologische Forschung, vol.XIV, 1-62. Hart, C. and Johnson, M. (1999) Growing the trust relationship, Marketing Management, Spring, pp. 8-19. Hart, S., Smith, A., Sparks, L., Tzokas, N. (1999) Are Loyalty Schemes a Manifestation of Relationship Marketing?, Journal of Marketing Management, vol.15, 541-562. Jacoby, J. and Chestnut, R. (1978) Brand Loyalty Measurement and Management, New York: Wiley. Jacoby, J. and Kyner, D. (1973) Brand Loyalty vs. Repeat Purchasing Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 10, pp. 1-9. Jones, T. and Sasser, E. (1995) Why Satisfied Customer Defect, Harvard Business Review, November-December, 88-99. Keaveney, S. (1995) Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Marketing, April, 71-82. Kuhl, J. and Beckmann, J. (1985), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior, Berlin, Springer-Verlag. Lewin, K. (1936) Principles of Topological Psychology, New York, McGraw Hill. Mark, C; Kate, S. and Ray, K. (1996) Customer defection: a study of the student market in Ireland, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 14 Iss: 3, pp.23 29. Meyer, J. and Allen, N. (1984) Testing the Side-bet theory of organazatonal commitment: some methodological consideration, Journal of applied psychology, [jap]. 69. Morgan, R. and Hunt, S. (1994) The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing, Journal of Marketing, 58 (July), 20-38. Oliver, R. (1997) Satisfaction. A behavioral Perspective on the Consumer, New York, McGraw Hill. Oliver. R. (1999) Whence Consumer Loyalty?, Journal of Marketing, Special Issue, 33-44. Prus, A. and Brandt, D. (1995) Understanding your Customer, Marketing Tools, 2(5), pp. 10-14. Reichheld, F. (1996a), The Loyalty Effect, Boston, Harvard Business School Publications. Samuelson, B. and Sandvik, K. (1997) In European Marketing Academy Conference, Warwick Business School, Vol. 3, Warwick, U.K., pp. 1122-1140. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H. (1999), Informatiom Rules. A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy Boston, Harvard Business School Press. -Smith, W. and Higgins, M. (2000), Reconsidering the relationship analogy, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 16, pp. 81-94. Wernerfelt, B. (1991) Brand Loyalty and Market Equilibrium, Marketing Science, Summer, 229-245. Westbrook, A. (1987) Product/Consumption-Based Affective Responses and Postpurschase Processes, Journal of Marketing Research, August, 258-270. Wind, Y. (1977) Brand Loyalty and Vulnerability, Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior, New York North Holland.

Spirit Of St. Louis :: essays research papers

The Spirit of St. Louis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I don’t think about it...There was no blinding light, no angels coming to take me home.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chris Pronger is one of the premier hockey players in the world. With his 6’6†, 220 lbs. frame, Chris Pronger dominates other teams while on the ice and has become one of those special players who can control a game. The defenseman out of Dryden, Ontario has come around full circle since arriving in the NHL as the second overall draft pick in the 1995 draft. After having to deal with troubles early in his career, which consisted of drinking and partying, Pronger has gotten his act together to lead his team, the St. Louis Blues to great success. Chris’ size, speed, and knowledge of the game helps him determine, understand, and acknowledge what other teams are doing, and enables him to shut opposing players down. Chris Pronger’s career so far is an incredible story, which makes all sports fans who have followed it respect and admire him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early postseason of the 1998 season, the St. Louis Blues found themselves leading the Detroit Red Wings one game to nothing in the best of seven series. Also, the Blues surprisingly had that lead on the road, with the first two games of the series in Detroit, one of the hardest atmospheres to play in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the 3:52 mark of the second period, on Mother’s Day, a blistering slapshot from Detroit winger Dmitri Mironov came tearing through the zone and caught the entire Blues defense by surprise. Every defenseman except Pronger. Chris Pronger, who is the youngest captain in St. Louis Blues history, was finally starting to settle down and learn the system Blues head coach Joel Quenneville was teaching. Pronger was finally starting to live up to his ability to be able to control the game. He was also finally getting the hang of being a 25 year old captain in the NHL.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shot was aimed high, and Pronger got in the way of it and blocked it. Unfortunately, the puck hit him in a very odd place, right under the chest protecting padding of his shoulder pads, and caught him right in the chest, causing his heart to stop beating for approximately fifteen to twenty seconds. Seeing this tower of a man fall to the ice, and not being able to breathe, scared the rest of the Blues team, and messed with their minds and emotions, just enough for the Red Wings of Detroit to escape the game with a

Personal Space

Personal space was an idea first developed by German born Swedish psychologist David Katz in 1937. It is very often describes as an â€Å"emotionally charged bubble of space which surrounds each individual† or alternately â€Å"Personal space is the region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when their personal space is encroached.† On the other hand, some research suggests that the personal space bubble is not circular, but elliptical and so we can tolerate people coming closer to us at the side than front or behind.The 4 stages of a person’s Personal SpaceThis is a Proxemics Theory, which had been investigated by Edward T Hall in 1959, who describes a person’s personal space to be in 4 layers;Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering Close phase – less than 6 inches (15 cm) Far phase – 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm)The clo sest distance is generally the domain of those who have an intimate relationship with each other, but also includes situations where the social rules allow contact, for example in a wrestling match (Edward Hall distinguishes between near situations requiring body contact and far distances which require being very close but not in contact (whispering)). This distinction is rather artificial since whether contact occurs will depend on a variety of things such as the social and physical setting.Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family membersClose phase – 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm) Far phase – 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm)This zone generally reserved for good friends or intimate partners in a social setting; the near aspect is generally reserved for couples or very close friends, whereas, the far phase is used by acquaintances or simple friends.Social distance for interactions among acquaintances Close phase – 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) Far phase – 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m)This is the zone where those who are not acquainted interact or where business transactions occur. The near distance would be used by those being introduced or for informal business transactions whereas the far phase would be reserved for more formal business processes.Public distance used for public speaking Close phase – 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m) Far phase – 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.It is subdivided into near phase such as the distance between a speaker and an audience, and the far phase being the distance for example between the public and an important public figure.This is an easy concept to understand; if anybody enters our bubble, then they are invading personal space.Invading Personal SpaceWhen somebody invades another person’s personal space it can make the person feel anxious, awkward, insecure, vulnerable, annoyed and uncomfortable simply because there is another person standing too close to them and makes t hem question the intensions of the invader.. The term â€Å"invasion† would generally only be used if the person â€Å"invading† it has not earned their place in one of the four layers. There are actually many psychological and physical effects that are activated when a person is getting too close to another and they cause people to behave a little different than usual, for example:Extreme self awareness – suddenly we forget how to act ‘naturally'.Limited movements and gestures.Reduced eye contact.Turning aside or away from the intruder.We'll usually immediately take a step back.Adopting a defensive position – folded arms, less smiles, frowning, tense posture.Stopping the conversation entirely.Factors that influence personal space:GenderMales interacting with other males require the largest interpersonal distance, Men are more territorial and aggressive by nature and will keep more distance from other men, but when it comes to women we will usually prefer to get a little closer. This is then followed by females interacting with other females, which requires a little less space and distance as compared to just two men, as investigated by Gifford in 1987. Women are also more sociable than men: they get social cues better, more emotionally expressive and are generally better than us men when it comes to emotional communication. It's only natural then that women will feel more comfortable being closer to each other than men. However it probably depends on the situation, or the relationship, or the age group and so on as well.CultureThis is perhaps the most important factor when it comes to investigating the difference in invasion of personal space. Hall (1959) identified the importance of cultural variation. He suggested that while all cultures use personal space to communicate, and tend to conform to the different categories, the size of the space within the categories varies across cultures. Hall also identified the essential is sue in inter-cultural difference as the tendency to interpret invasions of personal space as an indication of aggression.Some international examples of this are: ‘Distant' cultures (northern Europe, US, and many other westerns cultures) tend to keep more personal space and use less touching than other more ‘warm' cultures. Asian cultures are characterized as more accommodating and accepting attitudes when it comes to personal space, the theory says it's due to more crowded living conditions. Other cultures including south Europe, Middle East and South American's are considered to be more ‘warm' by nature – touch and close proximity are more welcomed and socially accepted. Age- Some evidence suggests that personal space gets bigger as we grow older (Hayduk, 1983). Children tend to be quite happy to be physically close to each other, something which changes as awareness of adult sexuality develops. In addition the gender difference does tend to also appear at this time.StatusStatus has a huge effect on your personal space size and demand. First of all, like the alpha male of the pack, the higher the status the more space is considered to be one’s (no surprise that the first class seats are bigger and have more space per individual!). Status also affects the size of the territory that is required. Just Like the kings of old owned a huge palace – not because they needed 20 bedrooms and an Olympic swimming pool, but because it showed the measure of their power and influence. In modern days we have the equivalent mansions of the rich and famous to demonstrate their wealth and rich lifestyle.PersonalityThere is some evidence of personality difference but effects here need to be treated with caution given the situational dependence of traits. Extraverted and gregarious persons tend to require smaller personal space, while cold and quarrelsome people require a larger interpersonal distance (Gifford, 1982).Urban vs. RuralThe amount of personal space someone needs is relative to the population density of where they live, for example, in sparsely populated areas people get more space than in densely populated areas; country people are used to live in a vast and mildly populated areas while city dwellers are more used to crowding. This means that city dwellers will usually have a smaller personal space than country people due to this habit of density.The distance someone extends his/her arm to shake hands gives us a clue whether he/she is from a rural or urban area. People from the city tend to have an 18-inch bubble which allows the hands to meet in neutral territory. People brought up in a town with a small population have a space bubble of up to a meter. People from rural areas tend to stand with their feet firmly planted on the ground and lean forward for the handshake, whereas a city dweller will step forward to greet you. People raised in remote areas might require an even greater Personal Space, which cou ld be as wide as 6 meters. They prefer to wave rather than shake hands.Case StudiesStudy 1- Felipe & Sommer 1966AimTo examine the effects of the invasion of personal space Method- Research was carried out in a public library amongst people of similar cultural backgrounds who were sitting alone. These people were split into two groups: 1) Those where the confederate approached them, sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them. 2) Those where the confederate approached them and sat in the next-but-one chair.ResultsWhen someone came and sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them, 70% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. When someone came and sat in the next-but-one chair only 13% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. Conclusion- People found this invasion of their personal space disruptive. Researchers also noted that those whose personal space had been invaded moved their chair, put ‘barriers’ up such as books and changed their body position to move away.Evaluation of this study:StrengthHas high ecological validity since it was conducted in a public place. Weakness- This study used people from a similar background and hence may only be applicable to those sorts of people- this study cannot be generalised.Case Study 2- Sommer 1969AimTo examine whether there are cultural differences in the use of personal space Method- Researchers observed groups of Arab people and groups of white English people in conversation. Results- The comfortable distance for conversation for Arab people was under 1 m, whereas for white English people the comfortable distance was between 1 m and 1.5 m. Conclusion- Different cultures are comfortable with different amounts of personal space.Evaluation of this study:StrengthExplores how culture affects somebody’s personal space and hence raises awareness of how different cultures have various tolerance levels (when it comes to personal space). This study also raises awareness to people of different cultures when they are visiting other, culture rich countries. Weakness- The study was conducted a long time ago and due to the many revolutions and acceptances between cultures in today’s day, the results and findings may not be as accurate now as they were then. This poses questions about whether and how time has affected personal space within the different cultures, and would possibly need a new experiment to be conducted, to update the results.Examples of invading personal space:Inviting a teacher into a student’s personal space when their help is needed at school/in class for example to help solve a problem; this relation is always a professional relationship. When caught fighting and stopped, some kids like to tease the other party with a simple trick- they reach out with their hand and almost touch the other kid (or even worse, stuck the palm in front of their face), then they say something like â€Å"I don't touch you†. I t's actually an invitation for a fight, without taking responsibility for starting it, because it's impossible not to respond to this kind of irritation.If you'll meet your favorite movie star, you will welcome his company and even his touch; even though he's almost a complete stranger to you. But it won't go the other way around- it will be highly inappropriate to get too close to that star without a clear invitation to do so. You'll probably keep a distance from your boss (probably the same one from the previous example) during work, but on fishing at trip together some of the social borders will fall down, and you'll feel more comfortable being in closer distance. However, when you'll get back to work again, you'll retain the appropriate workspace between you.

Civil Rights And The Civil War - 1986 Words

After the Civil war in the late mid 1800’s constitutional amendments were made to abolish slavery, give former slaves citizenship and give the right to vote regardless of race. Even though these laws were passed throughout the rest of the 1800’s and 1900’s segregation of race was a major part of the lifestyle of southern states in America. From area that was built on slavery and use a human labor, accepting change wasn’t an easy task for southerners. It wasn’t until 1964 that an actual Civil Rights Act was passed to end segregation of public places and banned discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion or sex. With these laws being passed, the south still decided to live in their own way and continued to oppress blacks. These ways of the south made way for one of our most famous civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. He fought to be a voice for blacks to be treated as equal citizens in America, King lead many protest and gave people hope for equality in America. One of Kings most important protest was his attempted to march the blacks of Selma, Alabama to the capitol of Montgomery to register to vote. In his many attempts to march to Montgomery he was met with major resistance from the Segregated souths local and state authorities which eventually caught the eye of national attention, which shed light of the acts and oppression against blacks in the south. After the passing of civil rights act in 1964, president Lyndon Johnson felt that theShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights And The Civil War2180 Words   |  9 PagesCivil Rights has been fought for many years. African Americans, Mexican-Americans, Asian-Americans and even Native Americans had to fight for their rights. Several were punished to jail, and some were found dead. African American played a huge role since the Civil War Era to the 20th century. African American always looked for their constitutional rights. One of the key of development of the 1950’s was the struggle of many Americans for equal rights. The civil rights movement became a major turningRead MoreThe Rights Of The Civil War1848 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernment. Moving from the Civil War to the Revolution, there are several forms of liberties presented. Before colonization, the first signs of freedom can be seen in the Magna Carta. The signed Magna Carta prevented the â€Å"tyrannical monarch- King John. W† from abusing his powers (Synan). Feeling threatened by John’s powers, Englishmen formed a regulation known as Habeas Corpus, which would protect themselves from unjust persecutions. Habeas Corpus allows the accused a right to a trial before prosecutionRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement1725 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Civil War (1861-1865), major changes which were crucial to the establishment of African Americans in the American society took place. Before the bloody war, slaves were comprised of thirteen percent of the total population of the United States. The treatments they receive from their masters ranged from generous to abusive. The issue of slavery was becoming more and more apparent in social, economic, and most importantly political aspects of the country. In fact, even befo re the war startedRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn elementary school, students study the Civil War, and the Civil Rights movement. Teachers speak about slavery and racism as if it were a thing of the past; and juvenile minds are lead to believe that Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream has finally come true. But as these futile minds mature, they encounter different versions of this â€Å"dream†. Caucasian faces may live to believe the world is a blissful place, but scoff at the waitress who struggles to speak english. Brown faces may look at the homosexualRead MoreCivil Rights Movement During The Civil War960 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Rights Movement With the winning of the Civil War still in the minds of many, conducting interviews of previous slaves intrigued those wanting to know what it was like being a slave. With the interview there is a look inside the life of, a woman still in her childhood, what her life was like, and how she dealt with being a slave. The life of a slave was no easy feat, but with perseverance many made it to the wars end, although life still has many hardships for the Freedman today. The interviewRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement901 Words   |  4 Pages(Piersen 1996: 24). However, the controversy over slavery was a hotly debated topic in American society, leading eventually to the American Civil War (1861-1865), which finally brought slavery to an end. After the emancipation, overcoming slavery s legacy remained a crucial issue in American history, from Reconstruction following the war to the Civil Rights Movement a century later. The practice of slavery dates to prehistoric times, although its institutionalization probably firstRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The Vietnam War1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves protesting against the Vietnam War. The lack of civil rights in the U.S deterred many blacks from supporting Vietnam, a conflict aimed at liberating the rights of another people. African Americans were frustrated with a country who fought for other citizens and saw no purpose in fighting for a peoples’ freedom but their own. Although African-Americans were specifically discriminated against both in Vietnam and America, they were not alone in their anti-war position. The majority of the AmericanRead MoreThe War Of The Civil Rights Movement1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1950s was a decade of prosperity, the economy was booming, military was strong, the beginning of the civil rights movement. In the 1960s the decade involved protest, the war in Vietnam, the fight for civil rights, and JFK . Then came the 1970s and it was known as the time of peace and love, equality for all, the ongoing war in Vietnam, and Nixon. Each decade after one another affected the next with foreign policy, domestic policy, politics, political leadership, the economy, and the social termsRead MoreRight After The Civil War892 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1870s, right after the Civil war was over, begins a important period of time for African Americans.Previously, in 1865 the 13th amendment was added to the constitution, which abolishes slavery in the United States. Now, African Americas are free for the first time. However, they realized that there is not point to have freedom if they lack of economic support or equal oportunities than other citizens have. Is on 1868, that the 14th amedment is ratified, which states that all persons born inRead MoreThe Cold War Civil Rights Movement1660 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal in mind, their pride played a heavy factor in the determination of them reaching that goal or falling short. In many instances, the pride of many outweighed that of the main contributor and history was changed in the course of it. The Cold War Civil Rights movement is an excellent example of when pride gets the best of us and we act on it without thought.† The external struggle of two powerhouse nations led all attention to the elaborate details of those countries, while the internal struggle within